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      <a href="/2018/03/11/vue2-transition-1-transition-component/" title="Vue2动画1--transition组件" itemprop="url">Vue2动画1--transition组件</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2018-03-11T07:53:30.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2018-03-11</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2018-03-11T08:00:17.131Z" itemprop="dateModified">2018-03-11</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#动画过渡"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">动画过渡</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Vue过渡常用方式"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Vue过渡常用方式</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#动画过渡的方法和原理"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">动画过渡的方法和原理</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#强大的requestAnimationFrame"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">强大的requestAnimationFrame</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#关键的transitionend和animationend"><span class="toc-number">1.2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">关键的transitionend和animationend</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#transition-组件"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">transition 组件</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#transition-的使用"><span class="toc-number">1.3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">transition 的使用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#来个demo"><span class="toc-number">1.3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">来个demo</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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		<p>最近在捣鼓Vue动画的内容，《Vue2 动画》系列用于记录一些使用方法、demo以及原理分析。本文介绍 transition 组件，和创建简单 demo 的过程。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h1 id="动画过渡"><a href="#动画过渡" class="headerlink" title="动画过渡"></a>动画过渡</h1><hr>
<p>Vue的动画过渡做得挺强大的，不过平时总是做的管理类项目，几乎不怎么用到动画。这次也是因为要弄个讲课PPT才来仔细研究这块，开始以为照着官网看看差不多就可以了，后来才发现这块的内容超出本骚年的想象。嘛，还挺有意思的。</p>
<h2 id="Vue过渡常用方式"><a href="#Vue过渡常用方式" class="headerlink" title="Vue过渡常用方式"></a>Vue过渡常用方式</h2><p>Vue过渡主要分为两类：<strong>CSS动画</strong>和<strong>Javascript动画</strong>。</p>
<p>根据<a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0" target="_blank" rel="external">官网</a>的说法，Vue 在插入、更新或者移除 DOM 时，提供多种不同方式的应用过渡效果，举例如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>在 CSS 过渡和动画中自动应用 class（CSS动画）</li>
<li>可以配合使用第三方 CSS 动画库，如 Animate.css（CSS动画）</li>
<li>在过渡钩子函数中使用 JavaScript 直接操作 DOM（Javascript动画）</li>
<li>可以配合使用第三方 JavaScript 动画库，如 Velocity.js（Javascript动画）</li>
</ul>
<p>嗯，也就是上面所说的两类，主要区分是否手动实现还是借用工具实现而已。</p>
<h2 id="动画过渡的方法和原理"><a href="#动画过渡的方法和原理" class="headerlink" title="动画过渡的方法和原理"></a>动画过渡的方法和原理</h2><h3 id="强大的requestAnimationFrame"><a href="#强大的requestAnimationFrame" class="headerlink" title="强大的requestAnimationFrame"></a>强大的requestAnimationFrame</h3><p>关于 requestAnimationFrame ，如果说没怎么写过动画的，或许几乎没听过。一般来说，大家常用的方式主要是来解决传说中浏览器刷新频率的问题。</p>
<p>在本骚年以前也写动画的日子里，通常是使用 jQuery ，各种计算然后调用 <code>animate()</code> 等。后面也接触了 CSS3 ， transform 到 animation ， CSS 的动画能力简直要上天了。</p>
<p>我们来看看<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Window/requestAnimationFrame" target="_blank" rel="external">MDN</a>上是怎么介绍的吧。</p>
<p><code>window.requestAnimationFrame()</code> 方法告诉浏览器您希望执行动画，并请求浏览器在下一次重绘之前调用指定的函数来更新动画。该方法使用一个回调函数作为参数，这个回调函数会在浏览器重绘之前调用。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">window</span>.requestAnimationFrame(callback);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>callback</strong><br>一个在每次需要重新绘制动画时调用的包含指定函数的参数。这个回调函数有一个传参，DOMHighResTimeStamp，指示从触发 requestAnimationFrame 回调到现在（重新渲染页面内容之前）的时间。</p>
<p><strong>返回值</strong><br>一个 long 整数，请求 ID ，也是回调列表中唯一的标识。<br>可以传此值到 <code>window.cancelAnimationFrame()</code> 以取消回调函数。</p>
<p>关于 requestAnimationFrame 能做到的一些 CSS 不能做的，可以参考<a href="http://www.zhangxinxu.com/wordpress/2013/09/css3-animation-requestanimationframe-tween-%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95/" target="_blank" rel="external">《CSS3动画那么强，requestAnimationFrame还有毛线用？》</a>看看。</p>
<p>总之，我们来看看Vue里面的相关代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// binding to window is necessary to make hot reload work in IE in strict mode</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 此处在不兼容时使用setTimeout进行向下兼容</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> raf = inBrowser &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">window</span>.requestAnimationFrame</div><div class="line">  ? <span class="built_in">window</span>.requestAnimationFrame.bind(<span class="built_in">window</span>)</div><div class="line">  : setTimeout</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">nextFrame</span> (<span class="params">fn: Function</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  raf(<span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">    raf(fn)</div><div class="line">  &#125;)</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>nextFrame 就是 Vue 中用来 CSS 动画过渡的方法，可以在下一次重绘之前进行一些处理。后面讲 CSS 动画过渡的时候我们会再详细点分析。</p>
<h3 id="关键的transitionend和animationend"><a href="#关键的transitionend和animationend" class="headerlink" title="关键的transitionend和animationend"></a>关键的transitionend和animationend</h3><p>这两个分别是 CSS 动画中的结束事件， transitionend 是 CSS transition（如transform/scale等）结束的触发事件，animationend则是CSS动画（keyframe）结束的触发事件。</p>
<p><strong>transitionend</strong><br>transitionend 事件会在 CSS transition 结束后触发。以下两种情况不会触发：</p>
<ol>
<li>当 transition 完成前移除 transition 时，比如移除 css 的 transition-property 属性。</li>
<li>在 transition 完成前设置  display 为”none”。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 在指定的元素上监听transitionend事件</span></div><div class="line">element.addEventListener(<span class="string">"transitionend"</span>, callback, <span class="literal">false</span>);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>animationend</strong><br>animationend 事件会在一个 CSS 动画完成时触发。与 transitionend 相似，animationend 的触发不包括完成前就已终止的情况，例如元素变得不可见或者动画从元素中移除。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 在指定的元素上监听animationend事件</span></div><div class="line">element.addEventListener(<span class="string">"animationend"</span>, callback, <span class="literal">false</span>);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>相比 CSS transition，CSS 动画还有相关的事件，包括：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>animationstart</strong>: animationstart 事件会在 CSS 动画开始时触发。如果有 animation-delay 延时，事件会在延迟时效过后立即触发</li>
<li><strong>animationiteration</strong>: 循环动画中，在每次循环结束时触发</li>
<li><strong>animationcancel</strong>: animationcancel 事件会在 CSS 异常终止时触发（即在未触发animationend事件的情况下停止运行）</li>
</ul>
<p>Vue 的 CSS 过渡中会使用到这两个事件，后续会讲到。</p>
<h2 id="transition-组件"><a href="#transition-组件" class="headerlink" title="transition 组件"></a>transition 组件</h2><p>Vue 提供了 transition 的封装组件，可以给元素和组件添加 entering/leaving 过渡。</p>
<h3 id="transition-的使用"><a href="#transition-的使用" class="headerlink" title="transition 的使用"></a>transition 的使用</h3><p>我们看看有哪些情况下可以使用 transition：</p>
<ul>
<li>条件渲染 (使用 v-if )</li>
<li>条件展示 (使用 v-show )</li>
<li>动态组件</li>
<li>组件根节点</li>
</ul>
<p>transition 的封装组件，主要是结合组件生命周期，在一些特殊逻辑（如v-if、v-show、v-for）里增加钩子，来触发动画的实现。</p>
<p>我们知道，Vue 里面实现动画过渡有 CSS 和 Javascript 两种，而两种又是可以结合的，当然这是通过预埋的钩子以及上面讲到的 CSS 事件的方式来实现的。</p>
<p>至于具体的实现，后面分篇来讲一下，这里就不过多讲述了。</p>
<h3 id="来个demo"><a href="#来个demo" class="headerlink" title="来个demo"></a>来个demo</h3><p>废话少说，直接甩个<a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/transitions.html#%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0-%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E6%B8%A1" target="_blank" rel="external">官网的例子</a>：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!-- transition的使用 --&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">id</span>=<span class="string">"demo"</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">button</span> <span class="attr">v-on:click</span>=<span class="string">"show = !show"</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    Toggle</div><div class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">button</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">transition</span> <span class="attr">name</span>=<span class="string">"fade"</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">p</span> <span class="attr">v-if</span>=<span class="string">"show"</span>&gt;</span>hello<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">p</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line">  <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">transition</span>&gt;</span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">/* 简单的css transition实现动画 */</span></div><div class="line"><span class="selector-class">.fade-enter-active</span>, <span class="selector-class">.fade-leave-active</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attribute">transition</span>: opacity .<span class="number">5s</span>;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="selector-class">.fade-enter</span>, <span class="selector-class">.fade-leave-to</span> <span class="comment">/* .fade-leave-active below version 2.1.8 */</span> &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attribute">opacity</span>: <span class="number">0</span>;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里是使用的 CSS transition 方式来实现动画过渡的，我们看看在切换 v-if 的时候都发生了什么。</p>
<ol>
<li>v-if 绑定值的变更，导致插入或删除包含在 transition 组件中的元素。</li>
<li>自动嗅探目标元素是否应用了 CSS 过渡或动画。这里的确使用 CSS 过渡，于是会在元素添加时添加 CSS 类名，并判断动画加载完之后删除 CSS 类名。</li>
<li>如果过渡组件提供了 JavaScript 钩子函数，这些钩子函数将在恰当的时机被调用。（这里由于没有使用到，故不会执行）</li>
<li>如果没有找到 JavaScript 钩子并且也没有检测到 CSS 过渡/动画，DOM 操作 (插入/删除) 在下一帧中立即执行。（当然在我们的例子中，这一步也不会生效）</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>本节我们简单介绍了 Vue 中 transition 封装组件的使用和 demo ，以及一些实现原理相关的基础知识。由于直接举的官方例子，这里效果页面大家可以到官网上看看就好啦。</p>
  
		
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  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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